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Tutorial for Multiple-Level Analysis
(After viewing the pdf files, use the back button on your browser to return
to this page.)
(To select another tutorial click here)
Overview
Multiple-level analysis is described in six pdf files in different ways.
Click on the file below that you prefer and scroll through the material to get
a feeling for multiple-level analysis.
- Visualizing WABA
- Click here to see the section in this manual
about multiple-level analysis.
- Click here for an overview of how this manual
uses visualization.
- Theory Testing book.
- The Introduction provides an overview
of the analyses in conceptual and theoretical terms.
- Additional Information is available in the Preface
of this book.
- Original User's Manual.
- The Preface in this manual provides
an overview of the analyses in empirical terms.
- Additional information is available in the Introduction
of this manual.
Data Set A
- Chapter 5 of the DETECT Manual
- The actual data
- To download the data click on data set A
and save the page as text.
DETECT Program
DETECT for Windows® uses windows to tell DETECT what analyses to perform.
All the windows available in DETECT are described in the manual. The manual uses
single-level analysis and data set A as an example but how to perform multiple-level
analysis is also described. The actual program generated by DETECT for windows
for this analysis is listed at the beginning of the output listed below.
- Click here to view the complete DETECT for
Windows® manual.
Output
- Click here to see the actual program for and
output from a two-level analysis of data set A.
- Click here to see the actual program for and
output from a three-level analysis of data set A.
Interpretation
- The original Chapter 5 of the DETECT manual shows how the output is
interpreted. (Scroll to Sections 5.4 and 5.5)
- The DETECT Interpretation Guide gives a more
detailed interpretation. (Scroll to the multiple-level analysis tables)
Wherever the interpretations in Chapter 5 indicate a need to look up a value,
DETECT for Windows® no longer requires it.
A selection of published studies with real data using multiple-level analysis
Illustration of emergent effects:
Dansereau, F., Yammarino, F., Markham S., Alutto J., Newman J., Dumas M., Nachman
S., Naughton, T, Kim, K, Al-Kelabi, A., Lee S., and Keller, T.(1995). Individualized
leadership: A new multiple level approach. Leadership Quarterly, 6, 413-450.
Illustration of Cross-level effects:
Dansereau, F., Alutto, J., and Yammarino, F. (1984) Theory Testing
in Organizational Behavior. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall
Illustration of level-specific effects:
Yammarino, F. and Dubinsky (1992). Superior-subordinate relationships: A multiple-levels-of-analysis
approach. Human Relations, 45, 575-600.
For a discussion of the above published studies see:
Dansereau, F. and Yammarino, F. (2000). Within and between analysis: The varient
paradigm as an underlying approach to theory building. In K. Klein and S. Kozlowski
(Eds.) Multilevel Theory, Research and Methods in Organizations (425-466).
San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
A note about DETECT
DETECT's practical significance indicators ( such as Cohen's eta squared)
are compatible with the report of the American Psychological Association Task
Force on Statistical Significance (1999) that effect sizes should "always"
be reported along with p values, and that "reporting and interpreting effect
sizes in the context of previously reported effects is essential to good research"
(p. 599)
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